Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LOXITANE IM versus PERMITIL.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: LOXITANE IM versus PERMITIL.
LOXITANE IM vs PERMITIL
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
LOXITANE IM (loxapine) is a dibenzoxazepine antipsychotic. Its mechanism of action is not fully established but is thought to be mediated via antagonism of central dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. It has high affinity for D2, D3, D4, and 5-HT2A receptors and low affinity for D1 receptors. It also has moderate affinity for histamine H1 and alpha1-adrenergic receptors.
Antagonist at dopamine D2 receptors, also blocks alpha-1 adrenergic, histaminergic, and muscarinic receptors.
Adults: 12.5-50 mg IM every 4-6 hours as needed, not to exceed 150 mg/day.
2.5-10 mg orally every 8-12 hours; maximum 40 mg/day. For severe psychosis: initial 10 mg IM, then 5-10 mg IM every 6-8 hours; maximum 30 mg/day IM.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life: 8-12 hours. Clinically, steady-state reached in 2-3 days; dosing interval based on q6-12h.
Terminal elimination half-life: 20-30 hours; clinically, steady-state achieved in 5-7 days; prolonged in elderly and hepatic impairment
Primarily renal: 70% as metabolites; biliary/fecal: 30% as metabolites and unchanged drug.
Renal: <1% unchanged; Hepatic: extensively metabolized, metabolites excreted in urine (50-60%) and feces (30-40%)
Category C
Category C
Antipsychotic
Antipsychotic