Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: NITROFURANTOIN MACROCRYSTALLINE versus NITROFURANTOIN MONOHYDRATE MACROCRYSTALS.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: NITROFURANTOIN MACROCRYSTALLINE versus NITROFURANTOIN MONOHYDRATE MACROCRYSTALS.
NITROFURANTOIN MACROCRYSTALLINE vs NITROFURANTOIN (MONOHYDRATE/MACROCRYSTALS)
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Nitrofurantoin is reduced by bacterial flavoproteins to reactive intermediates that inhibit multiple bacterial enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, including acetyl-CoA synthetase, and disrupt cell wall synthesis.
Nitrofurantoin is reduced by bacterial flavoproteins to reactive intermediates that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, and DNA/RNA synthesis. It is bacteriostatic at low concentrations and bactericidal at higher concentrations.
100 mg orally twice daily for 5-7 days (uncomplicated UTI); 100 mg orally every 12 hours for 10-14 days (pyelonephritis: not first-line).
100 mg orally twice daily for 5-7 days; for uncomplicated urinary tract infection.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal half-life: 20-60 minutes (short, requires q6h dosing for therapeutic efficacy).
Terminal elimination half-life: 20-60 minutes (average ~30 min) in patients with normal renal function; prolonged in renal impairment (e.g., CrCl <60 mL/min).
Renal: 30-40% excreted unchanged in urine. Biliary/fecal: minimal; remainder metabolized or eliminated via other routes.
Renal excretion of unchanged drug accounts for approximately 40% of the dose; tubular reabsorption occurs. Biliary/fecal elimination is minimal (<5%).
Category D/X
Category D/X
Antibiotic
Antibiotic