Comparative Pharmacology
Head-to-head clinical analysis: STADOL versus VICODIN ES.
Peer-Reviewed Evidence
Head-to-head clinical analysis: STADOL versus VICODIN ES.
STADOL vs VICODIN ES
Comparing the clinical profiles, pharmacokinetic behaviors, and safety indices of these two therapeutic agents.
Partial agonist at mu-opioid receptors and agonist at kappa-opioid receptors in the CNS, altering pain perception and emotional response to pain.
Hydrocodone is a mu-opioid receptor agonist; acetaminophen inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) and modulates descending serotonergic pathways.
Butorphanol tartrate 1-2 mg IV or IM every 3-4 hours as needed for pain; alternatively, 0.5-1 mg IV every 3-4 hours. For nasal spray: 1 mg (one spray) in one nostril, may repeat in 60-90 minutes if needed; then 1 mg every 3-4 hours as needed.
Oral: 1 tablet (7.5 mg hydrocodone/300 mg acetaminophen) every 4-6 hours as needed for pain; maximum 6 tablets per day due to acetaminophen limit.
None Documented
None Documented
Terminal elimination half-life: 2.5-4 hours; clinically, prolonged in hepatic impairment (up to 10-12 hours) and elderly
Hydrocodone: terminal half-life approximately 3.3-4.5 hours in adults, extended in hepatic or renal impairment. Acetaminophen: terminal half-life about 2-3 hours.
Renal: 85-90% as unchanged drug and metabolites (primarily as glucuronide conjugates); Fecal: <10%; Biliary: minimal
Hydrocodone: primarily renal (urine) as unchanged drug and metabolites (O-demethylation and 6-keto-reduction products); ~26% excreted unchanged. Acetaminophen: renal (urine), ~85% as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, ~2% unchanged.
Category C
Category C
Opioid Analgesic
Opioid Analgesic