DEXTROSE 2.5% AND SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.11% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
Clinical safety rating: safe
No significant drug interactions Can cause hypernatremia and fluid overload.
Dextrose provides a source of glucose for cellular metabolism, primarily via glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, to produce ATP. Sodium chloride maintains fluid and electrolyte balance, acting as a source of sodium and chloride ions essential for osmotic pressure and acid-base homeostasis.
| Metabolism | Dextrose undergoes cellular metabolism via glycolysis and the Krebs cycle; sodium and chloride are renally excreted and regulated by the kidneys. |
| Excretion | Dextrose: primarily metabolized to CO2 and water; <1% excreted unchanged renally. Sodium chloride: electrolytes are reabsorbed or excreted renally; no specific elimination pathway. |
| Half-life | Not applicable; dextrose and electrolytes are endogenous substances, not subject to classic elimination half-life. Plasma glucose half-life is ~15-20 minutes in euglycemic conditions due to rapid cellular uptake. |
| Protein binding | None (0%): dextrose and sodium chloride are not bound to plasma proteins. |
| Volume of Distribution | Dextrose: Vd ~0.2 L/kg (limited to extracellular fluid); sodium distributes primarily in extracellular fluid (Vd ~0.15-0.3 L/kg). |
| Bioavailability | Intravenous: 100% (complete bioavailability). Not applicable for other routes. |
| Onset of Action | Intravenous: immediate (seconds to minutes) for volume expansion and glucose elevation. |
| Duration of Action | Intravenous: 1-2 hours for volume expansion; glucose effect persists as long as infusion continues. |
Intravenous infusion: 100-200 mL/hour per 70 kg adult; rate adjusted based on fluid and electrolyte needs, typically 0.5-4 mL/kg/hour.
| Dosage form | INJECTABLE |
| Renal impairment | GFR <30 mL/min: Reduce infusion rate by 50-75% and monitor serum sodium; avoid in anuria. |
| Liver impairment | Child-Pugh Class B or C: No specific dose adjustment required; monitor for fluid overload and hyponatremia. |
| Pediatric use | Intravenous infusion: 0.5-4 mL/kg/hour, adjusted based on maintenance fluid requirements (e.g., 4-2-1 rule) and clinical status. |
| Geriatric use | Start at lower end of infusion rate (e.g., 0.5-1 mL/kg/hour) due to decreased renal function and higher risk of fluid overload; monitor serum sodium and volume status. |
| 1st trimester | Consult provider |
| 2nd trimester | Consult provider |
| 3rd trimester | Consult provider |
Clinical note
No significant drug interactions Can cause hypernatremia and fluid overload.
| FDA category | Animal |
| Breastfeeding | Compatible with breastfeeding. Dextrose and sodium chloride are normal blood constituents. M/P ratio not applicable; both compounds transfer into breast milk in negligible amounts without adverse effects. |
| Teratogenic Risk | Dextrose and sodium chloride at these concentrations are generally not teratogenic. Glucose is a physiologic nutrient and sodium chloride is an electrolyte; no fetal risks are reported when used appropriately. Trimester risk: Category C (not shown to be harmful, but no controlled studies). |
■ FDA Black Box Warning
None.
| Common Effects | fluid replacement |
| Serious Effects |
["Hyperglycemia or glucose intolerance","Hypernatremia or hyperchloremia","Severe renal impairment with oliguria","Severe dehydration (avoid hypotonic solutions in shock)","Known allergy to any component"]
| Precautions | ["Monitor serum glucose, electrolytes, and fluid balance regularly","Risk of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients","Volume overload in patients with heart failure or renal impairment","Extravasation risk during IV administration","May cause electrolyte imbalances with prolonged use"] |
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| Fetal Monitoring | Monitor maternal serum electrolytes, glucose, fluid balance, and urine output. Fetal monitoring for heart rate and growth if administered intravenously for maternal conditions (e.g., hyperemesis, dehydration). |
| Fertility Effects | No known adverse effects on fertility at therapeutic doses. |