DEXTROSE 5% AND ELECTROLYTE NO. 75 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
Clinical safety rating: caution
Comprehensive clinical and safety monograph for DEXTROSE 5% AND ELECTROLYTE NO. 75 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER (DEXTROSE 5% AND ELECTROLYTE NO. 75 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER).
Dextrose provides a source of calories and fluid for hydration. Electrolytes are essential for maintaining acid-base balance, osmotic pressure, and normal cellular function. The specific electrolyte composition in this preparation is designed to replace fluids and electrolytes lost in conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis or other metabolic disorders.
| Metabolism | Dextrose is metabolized via glycolysis and subsequent oxidative phosphorylation. Electrolytes are not metabolized but are excreted or retained as needed by the kidneys. |
| Excretion | Dextrose is completely metabolized to carbon dioxide and water; no renal/biliary excretion of intact molecule. Electrolytes (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cl-, acetate, gluconate) are eliminated renally (primarily) and via sweat/feces. Renal excretion of Na+ and Cl- exceeds 90% under normal renal function. Acetate is rapidly oxidized to bicarbonate, with <1% excreted unchanged. Gluconate is metabolized or excreted renally. |
| Half-life | Dextrose: not applicable (endogenous substrate, rapidly cleared by cellular uptake and metabolism). Electrolytes: no true elimination half-life; distribution and renal clearance follow physiological kinetics. For infused solutions, clinical half-life of volume expansion is distribution-dependent, approximately 20–30 minutes for initial equilibration. |
| Protein binding | Dextrose (glucose): negligible protein binding (<1%). Electrolytes: Na+ and Cl- not protein bound; Mg2+ ~30% bound to albumin; K+ negligible; calcium (if present) ~45% bound to albumin; acetate and gluconate: minimal binding. |
| Volume of Distribution | Dextrose: Vd approximates total body water (0.5–0.7 L/kg). Electrolytes distribute according to physiological spaces: Na+ and Cl- primarily extracellular (0.15–0.3 L/kg); K+ mainly intracellular; Mg2+ total Vd ~0.6 L/kg. |
| Bioavailability | IV administration: 100% bioavailability. Not administered orally or via other routes for this formulation. |
| Onset of Action | IV infusion: Immediate (within seconds to minutes) for volume expansion and electrolyte provision. Correction of hypoglycemia or electrolyte deficits becomes clinically apparent within 5–15 minutes of infusion start. |
| Duration of Action | Duration of volume expansion: 1–2 hours for isotonic dextrose solutions due to rapid redistribution and metabolism. Electrolyte effects persist as long as infusion continues or until renal elimination. No sustained effect after infusion stops. |
Intravenous infusion; rate depends on fluid and electrolyte needs; typical adult maintenance: 100-200 mL/h (2-4 mL/kg/h) of solution providing electrolytes per composition.
| Dosage form | INJECTABLE |
| Renal impairment | No specific dose adjustment for electrolytes; monitor serum electrolytes and fluid status; in severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m²), restrict volume and adjust rate based on fluid tolerance, avoid potassium-containing solutions if hyperkalemia risk. |
| Liver impairment | No specific dose adjustment; monitor electrolytes and glucose; in severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C), use with caution due to risk of fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances; adjust rate and volume accordingly. |
| Pediatric use | Weight-based: 0.45% NaCl with 5% dextrose typical; maintenance rate: 4 mL/kg/h for first 10 kg, 2 mL/kg/h for 11-20 kg, 1 mL/kg/h for >20 kg; adjust for electrolyte composition; monitor glucose and electrolytes. |
| Geriatric use | Use lower initial rates (50-100 mL/h) due to decreased renal function; monitor for fluid overload, electrolyte disturbances, and glucose intolerance; titrate based on clinical response and serum electrolytes. |
| 1st trimester | Consult provider |
| 2nd trimester | Consult provider |
| 3rd trimester | Consult provider |
Clinical note
Comprehensive clinical and safety monograph for DEXTROSE 5% AND ELECTROLYTE NO. 75 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER (DEXTROSE 5% AND ELECTROLYTE NO. 75 IN PLASTIC CONTAINER).
| Breastfeeding | Compatible with breastfeeding. Dextrose and electrolytes are normal milk constituents; no adverse effects expected. M/P ratio not established; component transfer minimal. |
| Teratogenic Risk | Dextrose 5% and Electrolyte No. 75 is a maintenance fluid without known teratogenic effects. No fetal risks identified in any trimester when used for fluid/electrolyte replacement at standard doses. |
| Fetal Monitoring |
■ FDA Black Box Warning
Contains aluminum; may reach toxic levels with prolonged renal impairment. Premature infants are at higher risk because of immature renal function.
| Serious Effects |
Hypersensitivity, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (use with caution), anuria, severe dehydration, hyperkalemia (depending on electrolyte content), and patients with known allergy to corn or corn products (for dextrose derived from corn).
| Precautions | Use with caution in patients with congestive heart failure, renal impairment, or hyperglycemia. Monitor serum glucose and electrolytes closely. Avoid in patients with anuria or severe dehydration. Risk of fluid overload in compromised patients. |
Loading safety data…
| Monitor maternal serum electrolytes, glucose, and fluid balance. Assess for signs of fluid overload. In pregnancy, monitor maternal vital signs and urine output. Fetal heart rate monitoring as clinically indicated. |
| Fertility Effects | No known adverse effects on fertility. Used as a vehicle or replacement solution, does not impact reproductive function. |