DEXTROSE 7.7% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
Clinical safety rating: caution
Comprehensive clinical and safety monograph for DEXTROSE 7.7% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER (DEXTROSE 7.7% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER).
Dextrose is a simple sugar that provides a source of calories and fluid for intravenous administration. It increases blood glucose levels, enhancing cellular metabolism and energy production via the glycolytic pathway and subsequent oxidative phosphorylation.
| Metabolism | Dextrose undergoes glycolysis and enters the Krebs cycle to produce ATP. It is metabolized via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and the pentose phosphate pathway. Insulin facilitates cellular uptake. |
| Excretion | Renal: 100% as CO2 and water; no unchanged dextrose excreted in urine under normal conditions. |
| Half-life | 30-60 minutes for blood glucose to return to baseline after infusion cessation; clinical context: rapid metabolism via glycolysis. |
| Protein binding | None (0%); dextrose does not bind to plasma proteins. |
| Volume of Distribution | 0.15-0.25 L/kg; approximates extracellular fluid volume. |
| Bioavailability | Oral: 100% (dextrose is completely absorbed). |
| Onset of Action | Intravenous: immediate; oral: 5-10 minutes. |
| Duration of Action | Intravenous: 30-60 minutes after infusion stops; oral: 1-2 hours. Clinical notes: duration depends on infusion rate and patient's metabolic state. |
Intravenous infusion. Typical adult dose is 500-1000 mL of 7.7% dextrose solution infused at a rate of 100-200 mL/hour, titrated to clinical response and serum glucose levels.
| Dosage form | INJECTABLE |
| Renal impairment | No specific dose adjustment for GFR; however, monitor fluid balance and serum glucose in patients with renal impairment due to risk of fluid overload and hyperglycemia. |
| Liver impairment | No specific dose adjustment for Child-Pugh class; monitor serum glucose closely in patients with hepatic impairment due to altered glucose metabolism. |
| Pediatric use | Intravenous infusion at a dose of 5-10 mL/kg of 7.7% dextrose solution, infused at a rate not to exceed 0.5-1 g/kg/hour of dextrose, with careful monitoring of serum glucose. |
| Geriatric use | Use with caution; consider lower infusion rates and volumes due to decreased renal function and increased risk of fluid overload and hyperglycemia. Monitor serum glucose and electrolytes frequently. |
| 1st trimester | Consult provider |
| 2nd trimester | Consult provider |
| 3rd trimester | Consult provider |
Clinical note
Comprehensive clinical and safety monograph for DEXTROSE 7.7% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER (DEXTROSE 7.7% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER).
| Breastfeeding | Dextrose is a normal blood constituent; no significant excretion into breast milk. M/P ratio not applicable. Safe during breastfeeding when used at recommended doses; monitor for maternal hyperglycemia. |
| Teratogenic Risk | Dextrose is a physiological nutrient; at standard infusion rates, no teratogenic effects are expected. However, hyperglycemia from excessive infusion may increase the risk of fetal macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, and congenital anomalies (first trimester). Avoid maternal hyperglycemia. |
■ FDA Black Box Warning
No black box warning.
| Serious Effects |
["Hyperglycemia or diabetes mellitus when uncontrolled","Intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage (contraindicated for certain dextrose-containing solutions)","Known allergy to dextrose or corn products","Severe dehydration with anuria","Delirium tremens in patients with known ethanol intolerance (for high-concentration solutions)"]
| Precautions | ["Use with caution in patients with diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance; may cause hyperglycemia","Monitor serum glucose levels during administration","Risk of fluid overload in patients with renal or cardiac impairment","Avoid extravasation; can cause tissue necrosis","High concentrations may cause hyperosmolality and osmotic diuresis"] |
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| Fetal Monitoring |
| Monitor maternal blood glucose levels, serum electrolytes, fluid balance, and urine output. Fetal monitoring is standard for pregnant patients; assess for signs of macrosomia or polyhydramnios with prolonged use. |
| Fertility Effects | No direct effects on fertility reported. Dextrose is a standard component of parenteral nutrition; no adverse reproductive outcomes are expected. |