IONOSOL B AND DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
Clinical safety rating: caution
Comprehensive clinical and safety monograph for IONOSOL B AND DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER (IONOSOL B AND DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER).
Ionosol B and Dextrose 5% is a balanced electrolyte solution with dextrose providing calories and water for hydration. The electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, acetate, gluconate) replace extracellular fluid and buffer acids. Dextrose provides a source of carbohydrates.
| Metabolism | Dextrose is metabolized to carbon dioxide and water via glycolysis, producing energy. Electrolytes are not metabolized; acetate and gluconate are metabolized to bicarbonate in the liver and peripheral tissues. |
| Excretion | Renal: >95% of administered water and electrolytes are excreted unchanged via kidneys; dextrose is fully metabolized to CO2 and water, with negligible renal excretion (<5%). |
| Half-life | Not applicable for electrolytes and water; dextrose has a plasma half-life of <15 min due to rapid cellular uptake and metabolism. |
| Protein binding | No significant protein binding for electrolytes or dextrose (<1%). |
| Volume of Distribution | Electrolytes distribute into total body water: Na+ ~0.7 L/kg, K+ ~4–5 L/kg, others vary; dextrose Vd ~0.2 L/kg (extracellular fluid). |
| Bioavailability | 100% for IV route; not administered orally. |
| Onset of Action | Immediate upon IV administration; correction of dehydration and electrolyte deficits begins within minutes. |
| Duration of Action | Electrolyte and fluid effects persist for 1–2 hours post-infusion depending on renal function; dextrose effect lasts 15–30 minutes. |
Intravenous infusion; dose determined by patient's fluid and electrolyte requirements, typically 500-1000 mL at a rate of 100-200 mL/hour for adults.
| Dosage form | INJECTABLE |
| Renal impairment | Not applicable as this is a maintenance solution; however, in severe renal impairment (GFR <30 mL/min), monitor for electrolyte imbalances and fluid overload; dose reduction or slower infusion rate may be necessary. |
| Liver impairment | No specific adjustment required; monitor serum electrolytes, particularly potassium, in severe hepatic impairment. |
| Pediatric use | Dose based on weight: maintenance infusion typically 100 mL/kg/day for first 10 kg, 50 mL/kg/day for next 10 kg, and 20 mL/kg/day for remaining kg; rate adjusted per clinical condition. |
| Geriatric use | Use with caution due to potential decreased renal function; monitor fluid and electrolyte status; consider lower infusion rates and volumes. |
| 1st trimester | Consult provider |
| 2nd trimester | Consult provider |
| 3rd trimester | Consult provider |
Clinical note
Comprehensive clinical and safety monograph for IONOSOL B AND DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER (IONOSOL B AND DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER).
| Breastfeeding | Ionosol B and Dextrose 5% is compatible with breastfeeding. Dextrose and electrolytes are normal constituents of breast milk; administration to mother does not pose risk to infant. M/P ratio not applicable as components are endogenous. |
| Teratogenic Risk | Ionosol B and Dextrose 5% is a balanced electrolyte solution with dextrose. The components are physiological and not associated with structural teratogenicity. During first trimester, use is generally safe when clinically indicated; no specific fetal risks. In second and third trimesters, caution due to potential for fluid and electrolyte imbalance, but no direct teratogenic effects are known. Dextrose may cause fetal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinism if maternal glucose rises excessively, particularly in third trimester. |
■ FDA Black Box Warning
None (no FDA boxed warning for this product)
| Serious Effects |
["Clinically significant hypernatremia","Hyperkalemia or potassium retention","Severe fluid overload (e.g., pulmonary edema)","Severe metabolic alkalosis","Hypersensitivity to any component"]
| Precautions | ["Do not administer unless solution is clear and container intact","Use with caution in patients with severe renal impairment, heart failure, or conditions predisposing to fluid overload","Monitor serum electrolytes, fluid balance, and glucose levels","Risk of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients","Avoid in patients with known allergy to corn or corn products (dextrose source)"] |
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| Fetal Monitoring | Monitor maternal vital signs, fluid balance, serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium), and blood glucose levels. Assess fetal heart rate and uterine activity if administered during labor. Monitor for signs of fluid overload (edema, pulmonary congestion) in mother. In prolonged use, monitor fetal growth and amniotic fluid volume. |
| Fertility Effects | No effects on fertility expected. Components are physiological and do not alter reproductive function. No evidence of impairment based on available data. |