ISOLYTE R IN DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
Clinical safety rating: caution
Comprehensive clinical and safety monograph for ISOLYTE R IN DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER (ISOLYTE R IN DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER).
Electrolyte and fluid replacement; dextrose provides caloric support.
| Metabolism | Dextrose is metabolized via glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation; electrolytes are absorbed and excreted by the kidneys. |
| Excretion | Renal excretion of water and electrolytes; dextrose is metabolized to CO2 and water. >90% of water and electrolytes are excreted renally; dextrose is fully metabolized. |
| Half-life | Not applicable; components are endogenous substances. Dextrose has a plasma half-life of approximately 1.5-2.5 hours in normal glucose metabolism; electrolytes have half-lives dependent on renal function (e.g., sodium half-life ~1-2 days). |
| Protein binding | Minimal (<5%); electrolytes are not significantly protein-bound; dextrose does not bind to proteins. |
| Volume of Distribution | Electrolytes distribute to total body water (~0.6 L/kg); dextrose distributes to extracellular fluid initially (~0.2 L/kg) then intracellularly. |
| Bioavailability | Intravenous: 100% bioavailability. |
| Onset of Action | Intravenous: Immediate (within seconds) for fluid and electrolyte effects; within minutes for dextrose metabolism. |
| Duration of Action | Intravenous: Duration is 1-2 hours for dextrose effects; electrolyte effects persist for several hours depending on renal function. |
Intravenous infusion; rate based on fluid and electrolyte requirements, typically 1-2 mL/kg/hour for maintenance in adults.
| Dosage form | INJECTABLE |
| Renal impairment | No specific dose adjustment; monitor fluid and electrolyte status closely in renal impairment due to risk of volume overload and electrolyte disturbances. |
| Liver impairment | No specific dose adjustment; monitor for fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances due to potential altered metabolism. |
| Pediatric use | Intravenous infusion; rate based on weight: 100 mL/kg/day for first 10 kg, 50 mL/kg/day for next 10 kg, and 20 mL/kg/day for each kg above 20 kg. |
| Geriatric use | Use with caution; consider lower infusion rates due to decreased renal function and risk of fluid overload; monitor electrolytes and renal function closely. |
| 1st trimester | Consult provider |
| 2nd trimester | Consult provider |
| 3rd trimester | Consult provider |
Clinical note
Comprehensive clinical and safety monograph for ISOLYTE R IN DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER (ISOLYTE R IN DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER).
| Breastfeeding | Isolyte R in Dextrose 5% components (dextrose, electrolytes) are normal constituents of breast milk. No known adverse effects. M/P ratio not applicable as dextrose and electrolytes are endogenous substances. Use is considered compatible with breastfeeding. |
| Teratogenic Risk | Dextrose 5% and electrolyte solutions (Isolyte R) are generally considered low risk. No specific teratogenic effects known. First trimester: no evidence of malformations. Second/third trimester: use as needed for fluid/electrolyte balance. Dextrose may cause maternal hyperglycemia, which can affect fetal glucose and insulin levels, potentially leading to fetal hyperinsulinism and neonatal hypoglycemia if maternal glucose is poorly controlled. |
■ FDA Black Box Warning
Not for use in patients with hyperglycemia or certain electrolyte imbalances; solutions containing aluminum may be toxic with prolonged use in renally impaired patients.
| Serious Effects |
Hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, hyperglycemia, severe metabolic acidosis, anuria, or hypersensitivity to any component.
| Precautions | Monitor serum electrolytes, fluid balance, blood glucose; risk of hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, fluid overload; avoid in patients with renal impairment or heart failure. |
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| Fetal Monitoring | Monitor maternal blood glucose, serum electrolytes, and fluid balance. In pregnancy, monitor for signs of fluid overload (edema, hypertension) and fetal heart rate if administered during labor. Assess for maternal hyperglycemia with continuous infusion. |
| Fertility Effects | No known effects on fertility. Isolyte R is a maintenance electrolyte solution; no reproductive toxicity expected. |