ISOLYTE S W/ DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER

Clinical safety rating: caution

Comprehensive clinical and safety monograph for ISOLYTE S W/ DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER (ISOLYTE S W/ DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER).

How it works

Isolyte S with Dextrose 5% is an intravenous solution providing electrolytes and calories. Dextrose supplies glucose for cellular energy metabolism, while electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride, acetate, gluconate) maintain acid-base balance and osmotic pressure. Acetate and gluconate are metabolized to bicarbonate, providing alkalinizing effect.

What the body does with it

Metabolism	Dextrose is metabolized via glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Acetate and gluconate are metabolized in the liver and other tissues to bicarbonate.
Excretion	Renal excretion of electrolytes and water; dextrose is metabolized to CO2 and water, with <0.5% excreted unchanged in urine.
Half-life	Not applicable for the combination; individual components: dextrose has an elimination half-life of 15-20 minutes, electrolytes are not eliminated as a drug.
Protein binding	Negligible for electrolytes and dextrose (dextrose <5% bound to albumin).
Volume of Distribution	Electrolytes distribute into total body water (0.6 L/kg); dextrose distributes into extracellular fluid (0.2 L/kg).
Bioavailability	Intravenous: 100% by definition for all components.
Onset of Action	Intravenous: Immediate for volume expansion and electrolyte effects.
Duration of Action	Intravenous: 1-2 hours for volume expansion; electrolyte effects persist as long as infusion continues and renal function maintains balance.

Classification & Brands

Dosing & administration

Intravenous infusion; dose determined by fluid and electrolyte requirements. Typical adult maintenance: 100-200 mL/h (2.4-4.8 L/day) depending on clinical status.

Dosage form	INJECTABLE
Renal impairment	No specific dose adjustment; use with caution in renal impairment due to risk of electrolyte disturbances. Monitor serum potassium and glucose. GFR <30 mL/min: avoid due to potassium content.
Liver impairment	No specific dose adjustment; use with caution in severe hepatic impairment due to potential for electrolyte imbalances. Monitor closely.
Pediatric use	Intravenous infusion based on weight and clinical need. Typical maintenance: 100 mL/kg/day for first 10 kg, 50 mL/kg/day for 10-20 kg, 20 mL/kg/day for >20 kg. Adjust for dehydration or ongoing losses.
Geriatric use	Use with caution due to increased risk of fluid overload, electrolyte disturbances, and glucose intolerance. Start at lower infusion rates (e.g., 50-100 mL/h) and titrate based on clinical response and renal function.

Use during pregnancy

1st trimester	Consult provider
2nd trimester	Consult provider
3rd trimester	Consult provider

Clinical note

Comprehensive clinical and safety monograph for ISOLYTE S W/ DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER (ISOLYTE S W/ DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER).

Breastfeeding	Compatible with breastfeeding. Dextrose and electrolytes are normal constituents of breast milk. M/P ratio is not applicable as these are endogenous substances.
Teratogenic Risk	No teratogenic risk associated. Dextrose 5% and balanced electrolyte solution (Isolyte S) are not known to cause fetal harm. Use during pregnancy does not increase risk of congenital anomalies.
Fetal Monitoring

Warnings & precautions

■ FDA Black Box Warning

Not for use in patients with known hypersensitivity to corn or corn products (dextrose derived from corn). Solutions containing aluminum (trace) may be toxic to neonates or patients with renal impairment.

Side Effect Profile

Serious Effects

Absolute Contraindications

["Hyperglycemia or uncontrolled diabetes","Hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, or hypermagnesemia","Severe metabolic alkalosis","Known hypersensitivity to any component","Patients with anuria or severe oliguria"]

Clinical Precautions

Precautions

["Risk of fluid overload, especially in patients with cardiac or renal impairment","Electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, hypomagnesemia) should be monitored","Use with caution in patients with severe renal impairment, hepatic failure, or conditions requiring sodium restriction","May cause hyperglycemia in diabetic patients or those with glucose intolerance","Do not administer simultaneously with blood or blood products through same tubing"]

Clinical Tips & Counseling

Drug interactions

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ISOLYTE S W/ DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER

Clinical safety rating: caution

Comprehensive clinical and safety monograph for ISOLYTE S W/ DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER (ISOLYTE S W/ DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER).

How it works

What the body does with it

Metabolism	Dextrose is metabolized via glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Acetate and gluconate are metabolized in the liver and other tissues to bicarbonate.
Excretion	Renal excretion of electrolytes and water; dextrose is metabolized to CO2 and water, with <0.5% excreted unchanged in urine.
Half-life	Not applicable for the combination; individual components: dextrose has an elimination half-life of 15-20 minutes, electrolytes are not eliminated as a drug.
Protein binding	Negligible for electrolytes and dextrose (dextrose <5% bound to albumin).
Volume of Distribution	Electrolytes distribute into total body water (0.6 L/kg); dextrose distributes into extracellular fluid (0.2 L/kg).
Bioavailability	Intravenous: 100% by definition for all components.
Onset of Action	Intravenous: Immediate for volume expansion and electrolyte effects.
Duration of Action	Intravenous: 1-2 hours for volume expansion; electrolyte effects persist as long as infusion continues and renal function maintains balance.

Classification & Brands

Dosing & administration

Intravenous infusion; dose determined by fluid and electrolyte requirements. Typical adult maintenance: 100-200 mL/h (2.4-4.8 L/day) depending on clinical status.

Dosage form	INJECTABLE
Renal impairment	No specific dose adjustment; use with caution in renal impairment due to risk of electrolyte disturbances. Monitor serum potassium and glucose. GFR <30 mL/min: avoid due to potassium content.
Liver impairment	No specific dose adjustment; use with caution in severe hepatic impairment due to potential for electrolyte imbalances. Monitor closely.
Pediatric use	Intravenous infusion based on weight and clinical need. Typical maintenance: 100 mL/kg/day for first 10 kg, 50 mL/kg/day for 10-20 kg, 20 mL/kg/day for >20 kg. Adjust for dehydration or ongoing losses.
Geriatric use	Use with caution due to increased risk of fluid overload, electrolyte disturbances, and glucose intolerance. Start at lower infusion rates (e.g., 50-100 mL/h) and titrate based on clinical response and renal function.

Use during pregnancy

1st trimester	Consult provider
2nd trimester	Consult provider
3rd trimester	Consult provider

Clinical note

Comprehensive clinical and safety monograph for ISOLYTE S W/ DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER (ISOLYTE S W/ DEXTROSE 5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER).

Breastfeeding	Compatible with breastfeeding. Dextrose and electrolytes are normal constituents of breast milk. M/P ratio is not applicable as these are endogenous substances.
Teratogenic Risk	No teratogenic risk associated. Dextrose 5% and balanced electrolyte solution (Isolyte S) are not known to cause fetal harm. Use during pregnancy does not increase risk of congenital anomalies.
Fetal Monitoring