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Electrolyte/Discontinued

POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 20MEQ IN DEXTROSE 5% AND SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER

POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 20MEQ IN DEXTROSE 5% AND SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER

Clinical safety rating

safe

No significant drug interactions Can cause hypernatremia and fluid overload.


Mechanism of Action

Potassium chloride provides potassium ions essential for maintaining intracellular tonicity, transmembrane potential, and nerve impulse transmission. Dextrose 5% provides a source of calories and may improve serum osmolality. Sodium chloride 0.9% supplies sodium and chloride ions to maintain extracellular fluid volume and electrolyte balance.

What the body does with it

MetabolismPotassium is primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys; no significant hepatic metabolism. Dextrose is metabolized via glycolysis. Sodium and chloride are primarily renally excreted.
ExcretionRenal (approximately 90% as potassium ion); minimal biliary/fecal elimination (<5% collectively).
Half-lifeNot applicable as potassium is an endogenous electrolyte; distribution and elimination follow first-order kinetics with a rapid redistribution phase (t1/2 α ~15 min) and a slower terminal phase (t1/2 β ~6-8 h) reflecting equilibration with total body stores.
Protein bindingMinimal (approximately 0-5%); not bound to specific serum proteins, present as free ion.
Volume of DistributionApproximately 0.5–0.7 L/kg (total body water distribution); reflects equilibration with intracellular (98%) and extracellular (2%) compartments.
BioavailabilityIntravenous: 100% (complete bioavailability); oral (not applicable for this product): ~90% absorbed with first-pass effect.
Onset of ActionIntravenous infusion: immediate upon reaching circulation; oral (not applicable for this formulation but for comparison: onset ~30-60 min).
Duration of ActionIntravenous: effect persists as long as infusion maintains serum levels; after discontinuation, serum potassium returns to baseline over hours (depending on total body deficit and renal function).
Molecular Weight74.55 Da (potassium chloride); dextrose: 180.16 Da

Classification & Brands

Dosing & administration

Intravenous infusion: 10-20 mEq/hour, not to exceed 40 mEq/hour or 200 mEq/day. Maximum concentration: 80 mEq/L via peripheral line, 200 mEq/L via central line. Rate dependent on serum potassium and clinical condition.

Dosage formINJECTABLE
Renal impairmentGFR >50 mL/min: no adjustment. GFR 10-50 mL/min: reduce dose by 25-50% or extend interval. GFR <10 mL/min: avoid use or use with extreme caution; reduce dose by 50-75% and monitor serum potassium closely.
Liver impairmentChild-Pugh A: no adjustment. Child-Pugh B: monitor potassium levels closely; no specific dose reduction required unless renal impairment present. Child-Pugh C: use with caution due to risk of hyperkalemia; individualize dosing based on serum potassium and renal function.
Pediatric useIntravenous infusion: 0.5-1 mEq/kg/day for maintenance; for replacement, 0.3-0.5 mEq/kg per hour with maximum rate 1 mEq/kg/hour. Concentration not to exceed 40 mEq/L peripherally. Dose based on serum potassium and clinical status.
Geriatric useInitiate at lower end of dosing range due to age-related decline in renal function. Maximum infusion rate: 10 mEq/hour. Monitor renal function and serum potassium frequently. Avoid doses exceeding 100 mEq per day unless severe hypokalemia.

Use during pregnancy

1st trimesterPotassium chloride is considered safe in pregnancy when used as supplementation for documented hypokalemia. Dextrose and sodium chloride are standard IV fluids. No increased risk of major malformations has been reported with potassium administration.
2nd trimesterUse only if clearly needed for electrolyte imbalance. Monitor serum potassium to avoid hyperkalemia. Dextrose may affect maternal glucose; use with caution in gestational diabetes.
3rd trimesterIV potassium can be used for hypokalemia. Monitor maternal potassium and fetal heart rate. Dextrose may cause fetal hyperinsulinemia if maternal hyperglycemia occurs.

Clinical note

No significant drug interactions Can cause hypernatremia and fluid overload.

FDA categoryAnimal
Placental transferPotassium crosses the placenta freely via active transport and diffusion; fetal serum potassium is similar to maternal. Dextrose crosses via facilitated diffusion. Sodium and chloride cross by active transport.
BreastfeedingPotassium chloride is normal constituent of breast milk. IV administration does not affect milk composition significantly. Dextrose and sodium chloride are also safe. However, avoid excessive potassium supplementation as it may affect maternal serum levels.
Lactation RatingL1 (Compatible)
Teratogenic RiskPotassium chloride is not associated with teratogenic risk in humans. There is no evidence of fetal harm from potassium administration at recommended doses. However, maternal hyperkalemia may cause fetal arrhythmia or adverse effects. Dextrose and sodium chloride are considered safe when used appropriately.
Fetal MonitoringMonitor serum potassium, glucose, and electrolytes regularly. Observe for signs of hyperkalemia (ECG changes, muscle weakness, arrhythmias) or fluid overload. Fetal heart rate monitoring may be indicated if maternal electrolyte disturbances occur.
Fertility EffectsNo known adverse effects on fertility. Potassium chloride, dextrose, and sodium chloride do not impair reproductive function at standard therapeutic doses.

Warnings & precautions

■ FDA Black Box Warning

Concentrated potassium chloride solutions (≥20 mEq per 100 mL) must be diluted before administration to avoid fatal hyperkalemia. Administration must be via an infusion pump for rate control.

Side Effect Profile

Common Effectsfluid replacement
Serious Effects

Absolute Contraindications

HyperkalemiaSevere renal impairment with oliguria or anuriaConcomitant use with potassium-sparing diuretics (unless closely monitored)Addison's disease (untreated)Acute dehydrationHeat cramps

Clinical Precautions

PrecautionsRisk of hyperkalemia, especially in patients with renal impairment, adrenal insufficiency, or potassium-sparing diuretics, Monitor serum potassium and ECG during administration, Extravasation may cause tissue necrosis, Use with caution in patients with heart failure, edema, or conditions that cause sodium retention
Food/DietaryAvoid potassium-rich foods (bananas, oranges, potatoes, spinach, tomatoes, avocados) and salt substitutes containing potassium chloride to prevent hyperkalemia. Do not consume excessive amounts of high-potassium foods without medical guidance.

Clinical Tips & Counseling

Clinical PearlsAdminister via slow IV infusion at a maximum rate of 10 mEq/hour; use a central line for concentrations above 40 mEq/L due to risk of phlebitis. Monitor serum potassium and ECG continuously during infusion. Contraindicated in severe renal impairment, hyperkalemia, or Addison's disease. Do not use as a bolus; risk of cardiac arrest.
Patient AdviceThis medication is given intravenously to correct low potassium levels. · Do not suddenly stop other potassium supplements unless directed by your doctor. · Report symptoms of hyperkalemia: muscle weakness, palpitations, tingling in hands/feet. · Avoid potassium-containing salt substitutes or excessive potassium-rich foods while on this therapy.

POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 20MEQ IN DEXTROSE 5% AND SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER Interactions

Loading safety data…

This overview is compiled from peer-reviewed clinical sources and FDA labeling. It's here to support — not replace — clinical judgment. Always verify dosing against your institution's current protocols before prescribing.

On this page

Mechanism of ActionDosing & administrationUse during pregnancyWarnings & precautionsDrug interactions

Compare with

ACETATED RINGER'S IN PLASTIC CONTAINERACYCLOVIR IN SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% PRESERVATIVE FREEAMIKACIN SULFATE IN SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% IN PLASTIC CONTAINERAMIKIN IN SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% IN PLASTIC CONTAINERAMINOPHYLLINE IN SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45%

External sources

DailyMed (NIH) PubMed OpenFDA