Emergency Management Protocol

Should be managed by specialists with appropriate training in intensive care working in close collaboration with specialists in respiratory medicine.

Neither non-invasive ventilation (NIV) nor continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) support is routinely indicated.

It must only be conducted in a critical care area where immediate expertise is available to enable a rapid transition to invasive ventilation.

Steroids are not recommended in the routine treatment.

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor is not routinely recommended.