Dysphagia
Uganda2023
Diagnosis and treatment protocols for Dysphagia in Uganda
Uganda Clinical Guidelines 2023 · all from source →
General Adult
Diagnosis
1.
Clinical Presentation
Difficulty initiating swallow, repetitive swallowing, nasal regurgitation, coughing, nasal speech, drooling. Diminished cough reflex, choking. Recurrent pneumonia. Halitosis in Zenker’s diverticulum or advanced achalasia.
2.
Investigations
Medical history, Timed water swallow test (complemented by food test). Endoscopy is mandatory. HIV serology, RBS, electrolytes.
Treatment
1.
General Management
Ensure rehydration with IV fluids. Prevent malnutrition through energy replacement. Treat the underlying cause (e.g., fluconazole trial in case of suspected oral candidiasis in HIV patients). Consult and/or refer.
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