The CRASH model (developed from 10,000+ patients) predicts 14-day mortality and 6-month unfavorable outcomes (GOS 1–3).
Salvage Heuristic Probe
Enter the patient's triage characteristics to generate a CRASH trial-weighted summary of 14-day and 6-month recovery probability.
Guidelines & Evidence
Clinical Details
Section 1
When to Use
When to Use
Prognostic assessment of any patient with TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤ 14).
Useful in both high-income and low-/middle-income countries (LMICs).
Predicting 14-day mortality and 6-month unfavorable outcomes (GOS 1–3).
Decision support for critical care resource allocation.
Section 2
Formula & Logic
Baseline Variables
Country Setting: Adjusts for baseline mortality differences based on national resource availability.
Age: Mortality increases linearly with age > 40.
GCS Score: The lower the GCS, the higher the risk.
Pupil Reactivity: Bilateral non-reactivity is the strongest radiologic/physical marker of poor outcome.
Major Extracranial Injury: Polytrauma significantly reduces physiologic reserves.
Section 3
Pearls/Pitfalls
High vs. LMIC Mortality
The CRASH trial revealed that the same brain injury carries a much higher risk of death in LMICs, largely due to delays in initial care, lower rates of neuroimaging, and reduced availability of ICP-directed therapy. This model is the only major TBI tool that corrects for these global health disparities.
Section 4
Evidence Appraisal
Primary Reference
Predicting outcome after traumatic brain injury: practical prognostic models based on 10,000 patients
MRC CRASH Trial Collaborators et al. • BMJ. 2008;336(7641):425-429
Developed by the Medical Research Council (MRC) CRASH Trial Collaborators based on a prospective cohort of over 10,000 TBI patients across low-, middle-, and high-income countries. This global perspective is unique among TBI prognostic models and accounts for disparities in neurocritical care infrastructure.
