10-Metre Walk Test (10MWT)6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT)ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) / ISNCSCI Action Research Arm Test (ARAT)Amputee Mobility Predictor (AMP)Box and Block Test (BBT)Brunnstrom Stages of Stroke Recovery Carpal Tunnel Electrodiagnostic (Stevens)Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Severity (Boston)Coma Recovery Scale — Revised (CRS-R)Communication Function Classification (CFCS)Craig Handicap Assessment (CHART)Disability Rating Scale (DRS)Dynamic Gait Index (DGI)Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ)Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA)Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC)Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE) Criteria Functional Gait Assessment (FGA)Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test (GOAT)Gross Motor Function Classification (GMFCS)Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale (HFMSE)Houghton Scale (Amputee Mobility)JFK Coma Recovery Scale (Legacy)Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS)Manual Ability Classification System (MACS)Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) Grading Medicare K-Level Classification Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)Modified Rankin Scale (mRS)Motricity Index (Motor Strength)NCS Reference Values Interpreter NIOSH Lifting Equation (RWL)Neck Disability Index (NDI)Neurobehavioural Rating Scale (NRS-R)Neurogenic Bladder Symptom Score (NBSS)OWAS Posture Analysis System Orientation Log (O-Log)Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)PRISM Spasm Severity Scale PainDETECT (Neuropathic Screening)Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS)Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS)Pediatric Evaluation of Disability (PEDI)Penn Spasm Frequency Scale Post-Traumatic Amnesia (PTA) Duration Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ)QuickDASH (Upper Limb Disability)REBA (Entire Body Assessment)RULA (Upper Limb Assessment)Radiculopathy Level Localiser Rancho Los Amigos Scale (RLAS)Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI)Rivermead Motor Assessment (RMA)Roland-Morris Questionnaire (RMDQ)SCI Functional Ambulation (SCI-FAI)SIGAM Mobility Grades STarT Back Screening Tool Shoulder Pain and Disability (SPADI)Socket Comfort Score (SCS)Tardieu Scale (Spasticity)Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test Tinetti Assessment Tool (POMA)Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS)Upper Extremity Functional Index WOMAC Index (Osteoarthritis)Wheelchair Skills Test (WST)

Brunnstrom Stages of Stroke Recovery

7 Stages of Recovery · Stroke Motor Assessment

Select Recovery Stage

Recovery Profile

Guidelines & Evidence

Verified

Last Review: 2026

When to Use

When to Use

Classify the stage of motor recovery in post-stroke rehabilitation

Communicate the quality of motor return (spastic synergy vs. selective movement)

Establish goals for rehabilitation based on expected recovery trajectory

Monitor change over time — transition between stages guides therapy progression

Historically the foundational staging system for stroke motor recovery physiotherapy

Three Limb Groups

Brunnstrom stages are assessed separately for three limb groups: (1) Upper extremity (shoulder, elbow, forearm), (2) Hand (wrist, fingers), and (3) Lower extremity (hip, knee, ankle). Each group is classified independently on the same 6-stage scale. A patient may have different stages in each group — e.g., Stage III UE + Stage IV Hand + Stage IV LE.

Last Comprehensive Review: 2026

Related Tools

Fugl-Meyer Assessment

Action Research Arm Test

Motricity Index

Functional Ambulation Classification

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