Duration of Diabetes: non-modifiable but significant
Blood Pressure: synergistic effect with hyperglycemia
Lipid Profile: linked to hard exudate formation
Clinical Pearls
Pregnancy Note
Pregnancy can rapidly accelerate pre-existing diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic women planning pregnancy should have an eye exam pre-conception or in the 1st trimester.
Last Comprehensive Review: 2026-07-17
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