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MUST (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool)

MUST: A 5-step screening tool. Steps 1-3 generate the risk score. Steps 4-5 are the management guidelines based on the score. If BMI is unobtainable, use Mid-Upper Arm Circumference.

Complete Steps 1-3

Step 1: BMI Score

Step 2: Unplanned Weight Loss Score (past 3-6 months)

Step 3: Acute Disease Effect Score

Is the patient acutely ill and there has been or is likely to be no nutritional intake for > 5 days?

Guidelines & Evidence

Verified

Last Review: 2026

When to Use

Universal nutritional screening across all adult age groups, including older adults.

Standardised hospital admission screening mandated by many national health systems (e.g., NHS UK).

Community and care home settings to establish baseline nutritional risk.

Simplicity and Objectivity

The MUST relies heavily on objective anthropometric data (BMI and quantified weight loss) rather than subjective recall, making it highly reliable between different raters. It is less sensitive to early geriatric-specific malnutrition drivers than the MNA, but faster to apply broadly.

Related Scores in Practice

In clinical practice, this assessment is frequently evaluated alongside other validated measures. Depending on the patient's presentation and specific diagnostic requirements, you may also need to utilize the MNA-SF (Short Form) or the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) - Full to formulate a comprehensive care plan.

Last Comprehensive Review: 2026

Related Geriatrics Tools

MNA-SF

Mini Nutritional Assessment

Functional Independence Measure

CAM — Confusion Assessment Method

Lawton Instrumental ADL Scale

DOSS

SPMSQ

ACS-NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator

FRAIL Scale

Clinical Dementia Rating

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