HOMA-IR

HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance): Estimates steady-state beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity.

Fasting Insulin (mIU/L)

Fasting Glucose

Guidelines & Evidence

Verified

Last Review: 2026-07-17

When to Use

Quantifying insulin resistance in research or specialized clinical settings

Evaluating patients with metabolic syndrome, PCOS, or severe obesity prior to the onset of overt diabetes

Tracking improvements in insulin sensitivity following significant lifestyle modification or bariatric surgery

Patient Population

Adults and adolescents at high risk for metabolic syndrome. It is most valid in individuals with normal or slightly impaired fasting glucose, and becomes less accurate in patients with advanced Type 2 Diabetes who have beta-cell failure or are taking exogenous insulin.

How it Works

Formula

HOMA-IR = (Fasting Insulin (µU/mL) × Fasting Glucose (mg/dL)) / 405 Or if Glucose is in mmol/L: HOMA-IR = (Fasting Insulin (µU/mL) × Fasting Glucose (mmol/L)) / 22.5

Interpretation Thresholds

< 1.0	Optimal insulin sensitivity.
1.0 – 1.9	Early or borderline insulin resistance.
> 1.9	Significant insulin resistance.
> 2.9	Severe insulin resistance (frequently associated with metabolic syndrome/PCOS).

Last Comprehensive Review: 2026-07-17

In Recent Clinical News

Scanning Medical Journals

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HOMA-IR

When to Use

When to Use

Patient Population

How it Works

Formula

Interpretation Thresholds

Clinical Pearls

Clinical Pearl

Known Limitations

Next Steps

Actionable Clinical Management

The Evidence

Derivation Study

Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man.

Origins & History

Development Context

In Recent Clinical News

HOMA-IR

When to Use

When to Use

Patient Population

How it Works

Formula

Interpretation Thresholds

Clinical Pearls

Clinical Pearl

Known Limitations

Next Steps

Actionable Clinical Management

The Evidence

Derivation Study

Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man.

Origins & History

Development Context

In Recent Clinical News