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AST-to-Platelet Ratio Index (APRI Score)Acute Liver Failure Study Group Index (ALFSG Index)Age, Bilirubin, INR and Creatinine Score (ABIC Score)Albumin-Bilirubin Grade (ALBI Score)BMI, AST/ALT Ratio, and Diabetes Score (BARD Score)CLIF-C ACLF Score for Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (CLIF-C ACLF)CLIF-C AD Score for Acute Decompensation of Cirrhosis (CLIF-C AD)CLIF-SOFA Score for Organ Failure Assessment (CLIF-SOFA)Cancer of the Liver Italian Program Score (CLIP Score)Child-Pugh Classification for Cirrhosis (Child-Pugh)Chinese University Prognostic Index (CUPI Score)Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4 Index)Lille Model for Alcoholic Hepatitis (Lille Model)Maddrey Discriminant Function (Maddrey DF)Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD Score)NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS)Simplified Autoimmune Hepatitis Score (Simplified AIH)
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Lille Model for Alcoholic Hepatitis (Lille Model)

Lille Model for Alcoholic Hepatitis (Lille Model)

Steroid Response Assessment · Day 7

Cutoff ≥ 0.45 = Non-Responder (6-mo mortality ~75%)

Response Predictor

Enter Day 0 labs and Day 7 bilirubin to model steroid treatment response.

Guidelines & Evidence

Verified

Last Review: 2026-07-17

Clinical Significance

Management of Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis

Severe alcoholic hepatitis (defined as a Maddrey Discriminant Function ≥ 32) has a high short-term mortality. While corticosteroids (prednisolone) are the standard first-line therapy, approximately 40% of patients are "non-responders" and do not benefit from treatment.

The Importance of Early Assessment

Continuing steroids in non-responders increases the risk of serious fungal and bacterial infections without improving survival. The Lille Model provides an objective, data-driven cutoff to stop futile therapy early.

Dynamic vs. Static Scores

Unlike MELD or Maddrey DF, which are "static" (calculated at admission), the Lille Model is "dynamic." It captures the change in liver function (specifically Bilirubin) over the first week of treatment, which is the strongest indicator of survival.

How it Works

Variables Required

Age: In years.
Admission Albumin: g/L or mg/dL.
Admission Bilirubin: µmol/L or mg/dL.
Day 7 Bilirubin: The most critical variable.
Admission Creatinine: Marker of renal reserve.
Admission Prothrombin Time (PT): Marker of synthetic function.

The Scoring Formula

Lille Score = exp(-R) / (1 + exp(-R)) R = 3.19 - (0.101 × Age) + (0.147 × Admission Albumin) + (0.0165 × ΔBilirubin) - (0.206 × Renal Insufficiency) - (0.0065 × Admission Bilirubin) - (0.0096 × PT)

Interpretation Cutoff

The validated cutoff is 0.45. Patients with a score ≥ 0.45 at Day 7 are classified as "Non-Responders."

Clinical Pearls

The Day 4 "Early" Prediction

While the original model is for Day 7, research suggests that the change in bilirubin at Day 4 is highly predictive. If bilirubin is rising at Day 4 despite steroids, the prognosis is exceptionally poor.

Infection is the Enemy

The leading cause of death in non-responders is sepsis. If the Lille score is high, stop steroids immediately to minimize immunosuppression and focus on aggressive infection screening.

Renal Insufficiency

In the Lille formula, renal insufficiency is defined as Creatinine > 1.3 mg/dL or a Creatinine Clearance < 40 ml/min. This significantly penalizes the score, reflecting the poor prognosis of hepatorenal involvement.

Bilirubin Trajectory

Even a small decrease in bilirubin at Day 7 is a favorable sign. A score < 0.45 indicates a 6-month survival probability of over 85%.

Next Steps

Management of Responders (Lille < 0.45)

Complete the 28-day course of Prednisolone (40 mg/day).
Gradual taper of steroids after 28 days.
Intensive nutritional support (35 kcal/kg).
Referral to addiction specialists for long-term abstinence.

Management of Non-Responders (Lille ≥ 0.45)

Discontinue corticosteroids immediately.
Evaluate for "Early" Liver Transplantation (in select centers).
Aggressive screening for occult fungal and bacterial infections.
Consider enrollment in clinical trials for rescue therapies.

The Evidence

Original Validation

The Lille model: a predictor of short-term survival in severe alcoholic hepatitis.

Louvet A et al. • Hepatology. 2007;Study of 320 patients. Patients with a Lille score > 0.45 had a 6-month survival of only 25%, compared to 85% in those with lower scores.

Meta-Analysis and Global Guidelines

Individual patient data meta-analysis of survival in severe alcoholic hepatitis.

Mathurin P et al. • Gut. 2011;Combined data from five trials confirmed the Lille model as the most reliable tool for stopping futile steroid therapy.

Origins & History

Development in Lille, France

The model was developed at the University of Lille by Professor Philippe Mathurin's group. It arose from the observation that the 1-week response to therapy was a better predictor of outcome than any baseline admission score.

Paradigm Shift

Before the Lille Model, many patients were kept on steroids for the full 28 days regardless of response, often leading to fatal infections. The "Lille" approach introduced the concept of "early stopping" into hepatology clinical practice.

Last Comprehensive Review: 2026-07-17

In Recent Clinical News

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