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1121 Clinical Tools

ACL Graft Choice Risk Factors ACL-RSI Calculator (Return to Sport Readiness)AHA Pre-Participation Screening AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Scale ASES Elbow Score ASES Shoulder Score Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio (ACWR)Altitude Gain Guidelines Ankle Syndesmosis (High Ankle Sprain)Athlete's Heart vs HCM Beighton Score (Joint Hypermobility)Borg CR-10 Scale Borg RPE Scale (6–20)Brighton Criteria (BJHS)Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT)Child SCAT6 (Age 8–12)Commotio Cordis Protocol Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT)DASH (UE Disability Index)Doha Groin Agreement ESC HCM SCD Risk Score ESC Pre-Participation Screening Energy Availability Calculator FAI Syndrome (Warwick)FAOS (Foot and Ankle Outcome Score)Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ)Female Athlete Triad Risk Foot Posture Index (FPI-6)Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM)Functional Movement Screen (FMS)Graduated Return-to-Play (GRTP) Protocol HAGOS (Hip and Groin Outcome Score)Hamstring Asymmetry Index Heat Index (Apparent Temp)Hip Outcome Score (HOS)Hooper Index (Athlete Wellness)I-PRRS (Psychological Readiness)IKDC (Objective Examination)IKDC (Subjective Knee Evaluation)Injury Severity KJOC Shoulder & Elbow Score KOOS (Knee Outcome Score)KOOS-PS (Physical Function Short Form)Kujala (Anterior Knee Pain Scale)LEAF-Q (LEA Screening)Lake Louise AMS Score Limb Symmetry Index (LSI)Little League Elbow Grading Lysholm Knee Score Marx Activity Rating Scale (MARS)Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS)Modified Schober Test NEXUS C-Spine Criteria Neck Disability Index (NDI)One-Rep Max Estimator Osgood-Schlatter Severity Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)Ottawa Knee Rules Oxford Elbow Score Oxford Shoulder Score PAR-Q+ Readiness Questionnaire PARS-3 Youth Readiness Patellar Instability Severity Score Pitch Smart Guidelines (USA Baseball)Pittsburgh Knee Rules Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS)QuickDASH (Shoulder & UE)RED-S CAT (Clinical Assessment)Re-injury Anxiety Inventory (RIAI)Relative Age Effect (RAE)Return-to-Play Battery SANE Score (Single Assessment)SCAT6 (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 6)SCOAT6 (Sub-acute and Office Follow-up)SEAQ-I Appetite Questionnaire STarT Back Screening Tool Session RPE (Internal Load)Sever's Disease Activity Single-Leg Hop Test Battery Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC)Steroid Equivalence Calculator Stinger / Burner Grading Sweat Rate and Rehydration TSK-11 (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia)TUE Criteria Checklist Tanner Stage Assessment Tegner Activity Scale (TAS)Training Monotony and Strain UCL Injury Risk (Medial Elbow)VISA-A (Achilles Tendinopathy)VISA-P Scale (Patellar Tendinopathy)VO2 Max VOMS (Vestibular/Ocular-Motor Screening)WADA Prohibited List Checker WBGT (Wet Bulb Globe Temp)WORC (Rotator Cuff Index)WOSI (Shoulder Instability Index)Wilks Score (Relative Strength)Wind Chill Index hEDS Diagnostic Criteria (2017)iHOT-33 (International Hip Outcome Tool)

Recent Journal Updates

Tropical Med & Intl HealthApr 17, 2026

Model‐Based Assessment of the Effects of Selective Free Healthcare and Differentiated Diagnosis on Malaria Burden in the Republic of Guinea

Why this matters

Matched clinical terms: assessment, assessment — may affect guidance relevant to Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC).

Drug SafetyApr 10, 2026

Reliability of Self-Reported Maternal Health and Mother–Infant Outcome Data in Web-Based Questionnaires

Why this matters

Matched clinical terms: assessment, assessment — may affect guidance relevant to Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC).

Intensive Care MedicineApr 9, 2026

Mechanical ventilation for ICU patient with obesity: current best practices and future directions

Why this matters

Matched clinical terms: assessment, assessment — may affect guidance relevant to Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC).

Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC)

Cognitive Screening Total

0 / 30

Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC)

Orientation

Orientation Score (0–5)

Month, Date, Day, Year, Time (± 1hr)

Immediate Memory

Recall across 3 Trials (0–15)

Read 5 words, 3 trials. Total correct responses.

Concentration

Digits & Months Score (0–5)

Digits backwards (3, 4, 5, 6) & Months backwards.

Delayed Recall

Recall after 5+ mins (0–5)

Recall of the word list after physical/balance testing.

A SAC score of 0 should be compared to the athlete's pre-injury baseline.

Guidelines & Evidence

Clinical Details

Section 1

When to Use

Cognitive screening component of the SCAT6 (and earlier SCAT versions).

Brief assessment of orientation, memory, and concentration on the sideline.

Useful in multi-modal concussion evaluations where a full SCAT6 is not feasible.

Target Audience

Athletes aged 13 and older. For younger children, use the Child SAC (component of Child SCAT6).

Section 2

Formula & Logic

Assessment Domains & Scoring

Orientation	Time, Day, Date, Month, Year (Max 5)
Immediate Memory	3 or 5 trials of a list (Standard SCAT6: 3 trials of 10 words)
Concentration (Digits)	Digits backward; strings of 3, 4, 5, 6 (Max 4)
Concentration (Months)	Months of the year in reverse order (1 if correct <30s)
Delayed Recall	Restating the word list after >5 mins (Max 5 or 10)

Total Score Interpretation

The total score (out of 30 in older versions, now integrated into the SCAT6 cognitive score) is traditionally used to identify departure from baseline rather than as a freestanding diagnostic value.

Section 3

Pearls/Pitfalls

Cognitive Decline detection

The SAC was developed to provide a quick "cognitive snapshot." While highly effective at identifying acute deficits, it has a known "ceiling effect" where high-performing athletes may score within the normal range despite having a concussion. The 2023 update uses 10-word lists to mitigate this.

Clinical Pearls

Do not allow the athlete to write down or use memory aids during the memory trials.

Ensure a quiet environment (if possible) during the immediate recall trials.

The SAC is a "snap-shot" and should be followed by a full evaluation (e.g., balance, symptoms).

Section 4

Next Steps

Management Decisions

Drop in score: If the score is significantly below baseline, clinical suspicion of concussion must remain high.

Maintain Baseline: Even if the SAC is normal, if other signs (e.g., balance, symptoms) are present, the athlete must be removed from play.

Related Tools

SCAT6

PCSS

mBESS

Section 5

Evidence Appraisal

Validation study

The Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC): clinical method for immediate assessment of concussion in football.

McCrea M et al. • Neurosurgery. 1998;42(3):586–594. Foundation study for cognitive sideline assessment.

View Source

Last Comprehensive Review: 2026

Related Sports Medicine Tools

SCAT6

Child SCAT6

VOMS

Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test

SCOAT6

Post-Concussion Symptom Scale

Graduated Return-to-Play

ACL-RSI Calculator

Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire

TSK-11

Have feedback about this calculator?Let us know.

Recent Journal Updates

Tropical Med & Intl HealthApr 17, 2026

Model‐Based Assessment of the Effects of Selective Free Healthcare and Differentiated Diagnosis on Malaria Burden in the Republic of Guinea

Why this matters

Matched clinical terms: assessment, assessment — may affect guidance relevant to Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC).

Drug SafetyApr 10, 2026

Reliability of Self-Reported Maternal Health and Mother–Infant Outcome Data in Web-Based Questionnaires

Why this matters

Matched clinical terms: assessment, assessment — may affect guidance relevant to Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC).

Intensive Care MedicineApr 9, 2026

Mechanical ventilation for ICU patient with obesity: current best practices and future directions

Why this matters

Matched clinical terms: assessment, assessment — may affect guidance relevant to Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC).

Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC)

Cognitive Screening Total

0 / 30

Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC)

Orientation

Orientation Score (0–5)

Month, Date, Day, Year, Time (± 1hr)

Immediate Memory

Recall across 3 Trials (0–15)

Read 5 words, 3 trials. Total correct responses.

Concentration

Digits & Months Score (0–5)

Digits backwards (3, 4, 5, 6) & Months backwards.

Delayed Recall

Recall after 5+ mins (0–5)

Recall of the word list after physical/balance testing.

A SAC score of 0 should be compared to the athlete's pre-injury baseline.

Guidelines & Evidence

Clinical Details

Section 1

When to Use

Cognitive screening component of the SCAT6 (and earlier SCAT versions).

Brief assessment of orientation, memory, and concentration on the sideline.

Useful in multi-modal concussion evaluations where a full SCAT6 is not feasible.

Target Audience

Athletes aged 13 and older. For younger children, use the Child SAC (component of Child SCAT6).

Section 2

Formula & Logic

Assessment Domains & Scoring

Orientation	Time, Day, Date, Month, Year (Max 5)
Immediate Memory	3 or 5 trials of a list (Standard SCAT6: 3 trials of 10 words)
Concentration (Digits)	Digits backward; strings of 3, 4, 5, 6 (Max 4)
Concentration (Months)	Months of the year in reverse order (1 if correct <30s)
Delayed Recall	Restating the word list after >5 mins (Max 5 or 10)

Total Score Interpretation

The total score (out of 30 in older versions, now integrated into the SCAT6 cognitive score) is traditionally used to identify departure from baseline rather than as a freestanding diagnostic value.

Section 3

Pearls/Pitfalls

Cognitive Decline detection

Clinical Pearls

Do not allow the athlete to write down or use memory aids during the memory trials.

Ensure a quiet environment (if possible) during the immediate recall trials.

The SAC is a "snap-shot" and should be followed by a full evaluation (e.g., balance, symptoms).

Section 4

Next Steps

Management Decisions

Drop in score: If the score is significantly below baseline, clinical suspicion of concussion must remain high.

Maintain Baseline: Even if the SAC is normal, if other signs (e.g., balance, symptoms) are present, the athlete must be removed from play.

Related Tools

SCAT6

PCSS

mBESS

Section 5

Evidence Appraisal

Validation study

The Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC): clinical method for immediate assessment of concussion in football.

McCrea M et al. • Neurosurgery. 1998;42(3):586–594. Foundation study for cognitive sideline assessment.

View Source

Last Comprehensive Review: 2026

Related Sports Medicine Tools

SCAT6

Child SCAT6

VOMS

Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test

SCOAT6

Post-Concussion Symptom Scale

Graduated Return-to-Play

ACL-RSI Calculator

Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire

TSK-11

Have feedback about this calculator?Let us know.