| Test | Abnormal Threshold | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1mg Overnight DST | 8AM Cortisol > 1.8 µg/dL | Most sensitive. Oral contraceptives cause false positives. |
| 24h UFC | > ULN (Upper Limit of Normal) | Needs 2 collections. CKD (eGFR < 60) decreases sensitivity. |
| Late-Night Salivary | > ULN (~145 ng/dL) | Loss of circadian rhythm. Needs 2 collections. Sleep patterns matter. |
Be aware of drugs that induce hepatic CYP3A4 (e.g., phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampin). These speed up dexamethasone metabolism, leading to low dexamethasone levels and false-positive failures to suppress cortisol.
Depression, chronic alcoholism, severe obesity, and extreme physical stress can cause biochemical results identical to Cushing's syndrome. Clinical context and serial testing are essential.
The diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.
Endocrine Society guidelines recommend at least TWO abnormal screening tests (even from the same modality) to establish a "biochemical diagnosis" of Cushing\'s Syndrome before proceeding to localization (ACTH testing/Imaging).