| Category | Mg (mg/dL) | Mg (mmol/L) |
|---|---|---|
| Optimal | 1.8 – 2.4 | 0.75 – 1.0 |
| Mild | 1.4 – 1.8 | 0.6 – 0.75 |
| Moderate | 1.0 – 1.4 | 0.4 – 0.6 |
| Severe | < 1.0 | < 0.4 |
99% of total body magnesium is intracellular (mostly in bone and muscle). Serum magnesium levels can be "normal" even in the face of significant total-body depletion. If clinical suspicion is high, consider empiric replacement.
Magnesium is a co-factor for the Na+/K+-ATPase and for PTH secretion. Hypomagnesaemia causes renal potassium wasting and inhibits PTH. Do not attempt to fix K+ or Ca2+ without first correcting Mg2+.
Magnesium and Human Health: Perspectives and Research Directions.
Note: Serum magnesium only represents 1% of total body magnesium. Normal serum levels do not necessarily rule out intracellular magnesium depletion.