| Feature | Primary Aldosteronism | Liddle's Syndrome | Licorice Ingestion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Renin | Suppressed | Suppressed | Suppressed |
| Aldosterone | High | Suppressed | Suppressed |
| Potassium | Low-Normal | Low | Low |
| Treatment | Spironolactone | Amiloride | Stop Licorice |
Liddle's syndrome is resistant to mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists like Spironolactone because the defect is in the ENaC channel itself, not the receptor. If HTN and hypokalaemia persist on high-dose Spironolactone but respond to Amiloride, Liddle's is highly likely.
Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess (AME) and licorice ingestion mimic Liddle's because they involve saturation of the 11β-HSD2 enzyme, allowing cortisol to activate the mineralocorticoid receptor. Both result in suppressed renin and suppressed aldosterone.
Liddle syndrome: an updated review.
Liddle Syndrome is a gain-of-function mutation in ENaC. It mimics hyperaldosteronism clinical features (HTN, hypokalaemia) but aldosterone levels are suppressed. Triamterene/Amiloride are diagnostic and therapeutic.