| TSH Range (mIU/L) | TPO Antibody | Recommendation |
|---|---|---|
| > 4.0 | Any | Treat (Strong) |
| 2.5 – 4.0 | Positive | Treat (Recommended) |
| 2.5 – 4.0 | Negative | Consider Treat (Weak) |
| < 2.5 | Any | Monitor / No treatment |
In the first trimester, high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) act on the TSH receptor, leading to a physiological suppression of TSH. Therefore, the upper limit of normal is lower than in non-pregnant adults.
Pregnant women with hypothyroidism require a 20–30% increase in their levothyroxine dose as soon as pregnancy is confirmed, primarily due to increased TBG (Thyroxine-Binding Globulin) levels driven by high estrogen.
2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and the Postpartum.
Note: The preferred total TSH upper limit is trimester-specific (approx 2.5 for 1st trimester). TSH targets change during pregnancy due to the stimulating effects of hCG on the thyroid.