MRD Assessment Framework

MRD AssessmentMeasurable Residual Disease Framework

Assay Quantification

MRD Level% leukemic cells

*Interpret assay burden in the context of the platform used (Flow vs. NGS).

Awaiting Lab Data

Enter the Measurable Residual Disease (MRD) burden to see the standardized clinical interpretation.

MRD Thresholds

<0.01%: Below flow thresholds
0.01-0.09%: Low-level positivity
0.1-0.99%: Quantifiable positivity
>=1%: High-level residual disease

Guidelines & Evidence

Verified

Last Review: 2026

When to Use

Clinical Use

Prognostication: Deeper remissions equal longer progression-free survival (PFS).

Treatment Adaptation: Escalating therapy (e.g., to allogeneic stem cell transplant or CAR-T) if MRD persists, or de-escalating/stopping therapy (e.g., fixed-duration venetoclax) if MRD is undetectable.

Early Relapse Detection: MRD conversion from negative to positive precedes overt clinical relapse, allowing for early, preemptive intervention.

How it Works

Methodologies & Sensitivities

Method	Sensitivity	Pros & Cons
Multiparameter Flow Cytometry (MFC)	10^-4 to 10^-5	Fast, widely available. Requires fresh sample. Operator-dependent interpretation.
Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS / clonoSEQ)	10^-6	Deepest sensitivity. Can use stored/frozen DNA. Requires a baseline sample to identify the specific clonal sequence.
RT-qPCR	10^-5	Highly sensitive and standardized, but only applicable for specific translocations (e.g., BCR-ABL1, PML-RARA).

Last Comprehensive Review: 2026

MRD AssessmentMeasurable Residual Disease Framework

Assay Quantification

MRD Level% leukemic cells

*Interpret assay burden in the context of the platform used (Flow vs. NGS).

Awaiting Lab Data

Enter the Measurable Residual Disease (MRD) burden to see the standardized clinical interpretation.

MRD Thresholds

<0.01%: Below flow thresholds
0.01-0.09%: Low-level positivity
0.1-0.99%: Quantifiable positivity
>=1%: High-level residual disease

Guidelines & Evidence

Verified

Last Review: 2026

When to Use

Clinical Use

Prognostication: Deeper remissions equal longer progression-free survival (PFS).

Early Relapse Detection: MRD conversion from negative to positive precedes overt clinical relapse, allowing for early, preemptive intervention.

How it Works

Methodologies & Sensitivities

Method	Sensitivity	Pros & Cons
Multiparameter Flow Cytometry (MFC)	10^-4 to 10^-5	Fast, widely available. Requires fresh sample. Operator-dependent interpretation.
Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS / clonoSEQ)	10^-6	Deepest sensitivity. Can use stored/frozen DNA. Requires a baseline sample to identify the specific clonal sequence.
RT-qPCR	10^-5	Highly sensitive and standardized, but only applicable for specific translocations (e.g., BCR-ABL1, PML-RARA).

Last Comprehensive Review: 2026

Assay Quantification

When to Use

Clinical Use

How it Works

Methodologies & Sensitivities

Clinical Pearls

Standard Thresholds

The Solid Tumor Frontier

The Evidence

Key Reference

Minimal/measurable residual disease in AML: a consensus document from the European LeukemiaNet MRD Working Party

Related Tools

Recent Journal Updates

MRD Assessment Framework

Assay Quantification

When to Use

Clinical Use

How it Works

Methodologies & Sensitivities

Clinical Pearls

Standard Thresholds

The Solid Tumor Frontier

The Evidence

Key Reference

Minimal/measurable residual disease in AML: a consensus document from the European LeukemiaNet MRD Working Party

Related Tools

Recent Journal Updates